“If you come down with a UTI, seek treatment and get your urine tested.”

This is the latest recommendation following publication of a Californian study about the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.   But right-first-time diagnosis and treatment is only possible if the urine sample is collected correctly in the first place.

In the UK, nearly 1 in 3 women will have a UTI by the time they are 24 and around 1 in 30 boys by the age of 16.   Additionally – according to the Unplanned Admissions Committee  the NHS spent £434 million in 2013/14 on treating 184,000 patients in unplanned admissions associated with a UTI.